Market Imperfections within the European Wheat Value Chain: The Case of France and the United Kingdom

The focus of this paper is on the analysis market imperfections in French and U.K. wheat value chains. We used mark-up mark-down models stochastic frontier to estimate degree two completely different wheat-to-bread chains for stages/sectors—milling baking. Our results reveal some within input output markets both milling baking sectors France United Kingdom. However, abuse bargaining power especially pronounced second stage processing, particularly sector. we did not observe expected positive association between company size except a group middle, large, very large companies millers’ market. Small indicate considerably high values “Lerner”/Lerner indices, suggesting benefit from other sources competitive advantage (such as quality, niche markets, etc.).